TAILIEUCHUNG - CANCER PAIN RELIEF - WITH A GUIDE TO OPIOID AVAILABILITY

It is recognised that the World Health Organisation (WHO) analgesic ladder, whilst providing relief of cancer pain towards the end of life for many sufferers worldwide, may have limitations in the context of long-term survival and increasing disease complexity. In order to address these weaknesses, it is suggested that a more comprehensive model of cancer pain management is needed that is mechanism-based and multimodal, using combination therapies including interventions where appropriate, which is tailored to the needs of an individual, with the aim of optimising pain relief while minimalising adverse effects | Cancer pain relief SECOND EDITION With a guide to opioid availability World Health Organization Geneva 1996 WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Cancer pain relief with a guide to opioid availability 2nd ed. 1. Neoplasms - drug therapy 2 Pam - drug therapy 3 Palliative treatment 4. Narcotherapy ISBN 92 4 154482 1 NLM Classification QZ 200 The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications in part or in full. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to the Office of Publications World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text plans for new editions and reprints and translations already available. World Health Organization 1996 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of Its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters TYPESET IN HONG KONG PRINTED IN SINGAPORE 95 10362 Best-set SNP 14000 Contents Preface V Acknowledgements vi Part 1. Cancer pain relief 1 Introduction 3 Causes of pain 5 Evaluation of pain 8 Treatment strategy 12 Use of analgesics 14 By mouth 14 By the clock 14 By the ladder 15 For the individual 16 Attention to detail 16 Choice of analgesic 17 .

• Y học thường thức
• Venous Thromboembolism
• Certain Groups of Patients
• Venous Thromboembolism
• Anticholinergics
• Glucocorticotherapy
• Leukotriene Antagonists
• Pathogenesis of Thrombosis
• Microparticles
• Haemostasis and Venous
• Relation to Cardiovascular
• Neonates
• Children and Patients
• Chronic Renal
• Behavioural Perspective
• Practice Theory