TAILIEUCHUNG - Perlman - Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers and Citizens - Appendix

Appendix A: Current Status of Biodiversity in North America Every continent has its own wonderful biological diversity, and North America is no exception. Our continent has certainly undergone many changes at the hands of humans, but even today, large portions of the landscape still remain in natural or seminatural conditions. | Appendix A Current Status of Biodiversity in North America Every continent has its own wonderful biological diversity and North America is no exception. Our continent has certainly undergone many changes at the hands of humans but even today large portions of the landscape still remain in natural or seminatural conditions and small gems of nature can be found in every corner of the continent. This appendix describes some of the patterns of biological diversity that exist in North America and some of the continent s special ecological places. Patterns of Diversity across North America The broadest pattern of biodiversity is the distribution of biomes or major ecosystem types across the continent see Figure A-1 . As can be seen on the map biomes in the United States are generally distributed as a series of bands that run from north-south while biomes in Canada tend to be oriented west-east. Biomes are determined by a combination of factors primarily temperature and precipitation with soil type and history playing secondary roles. In northern Canada and Alaska the effects of severe cold most of the year a short growing season and little precipitation combine to create the treeless tundra that stretches around the world in circumpolar regions. According to some classification schemes tundra regions never experience a month in which the average temperature exceeds 50 F 10 C .1 To the south of the tundra stand the great boreal forests that also circle the globe stretching across northern Europe and Siberia as well as North America. Here although the climate is still quite dry the warmest month or few months average higher than 50 F enabling coniferous trees to Farther south interactions between the prevailing westerly weather patterns and the continent s major north-south mountain ranges help to create the great north-south 242 Appendix A Tundra Grassland and Savanna Coniferous Forest Desert Xeric Shrubland Boreal Forest Deciduous and Mixed Forest Mediterranean .

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