TAILIEUCHUNG - Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P5

Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P5 shows how quantum mechanics is applied to chemistry to give it a theoretical foundation. The structure of the book (a TREE-form) emphasizes the logical relationships between various topics, facts and methods. It shows the reader which parts of the text are needed for understanding specific aspects of the subject matter. Interspersed throughout the text are short biographies of key scientists and their contributions to the development of the field. | 6 1. The Magic of Quantum Mechanics this simple qualitative picture from classical theory - something had to be done. On 14 December 1900 the generally accepted date for the birth of quantum theory Planck presented his theoretical results for the black body treated as an ensemble of harmonic oscillators. With considerable reluctance he postulated4 that matter quanta cannot emit radiation otherwise than by equal portions quanta of energy hv proportional to the frequency v of vibrations of a single oscillator of the black body. Planck constant The famous Planck constant h followed soon after h 10-34 J s but in this book we will use a more convenient constant5 h h . It is exactly this hypothesis about energy quanta that led to the agreement of theory with experiment and the elimination of the ultraviolet catastrophe. Photoelectric effect 1905-Albert Einstein photon The second worrying problem apart from the black body was the photoelectric Light knocks electrons7 out of metals but only when its frequency exceeds a certain threshold. Classical physics was helpless. In classical theory light energy should be stored in the metal in a continuous way and independent of the frequency used after a sufficient period of time the electrons should be ejected from the metal. Nothing like that was observed. Einstein introduced the idea of electromagnetic radiation quanta as particles later baptised photons by Gilbert Lewis. Note that Planck s idea of a quantum concerned energy transfer from the black body to the electromagnetic field while Einstein introduced it for the opposite direction with the energy corresponding to Planck s quantum. Planck considered the quantum as a portion of energy while for Einstein the quantum meant a Everything became clear energy goes to electrons by quanta and this is why only quanta ex- 4He felt uncomfortable with this idea for many years. 5Known as h bar . Experimental work on the effect had been done by Philipp Eduard .

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