TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 82

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 82. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 790 realism in metaphysics For a doctrine less tied thus to humanity consider this Realism 3 There are tokens independent of the mental in that they might have existed and have been of their respective types even had there been nothing mental. This is indeed a kind of realism but it is compatible with a Kantian doctrine of a noumenal reality beyond our ability to know or even to comprehend and with the view that ordinary common-sense reality is dependent on human construction through conceptualization. So realism 3 is a rather weak doctrine. According to a stronger version Realism 4 The world of common-sense reality exists as it is thought to exist by at least the main lines of common sense and this it does largely independently of the mental in that it might have existed propertied and interrelated much as it is in fact propertied and interrelated even in the absence of anything mental. Here common-sense reality is the world as we common-sensically believe it to be composed of things large and small along with the medium-sized dry goods of daily commerce. For Kant such common-sense reality has only phenomenal reality constituted by human construction. Beyond this there is the noumenal in-itself reality independent of human construction. But this is inaccessible to human cognition. Unlike Kant more recent constructivists appeal to conceptual schemes distinctive of a particular culture. Here Wittgenstein may be an exception but his views are elusive Is there a human form of life unlike that of the lion or is there more than one human form of life Note how brief reflection has led us back to the aspect of realism 1 that we found initially off-putting. The problem is that if we abstract from humanity and its postulations then we are left with too thin a notion of realism one compatible with a Kantian view an inaccessible noumenal reality along with a constructivist account of our ordinary world. A more interesting realism does after all apparently require reference to

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