TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 58

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 58. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 550 Mackie John L. prescriptive in pointing to reasons for performing certain actions regardless of one s wants. He thinks it possible and desirable to jettison this objectively prescriptive element in moral discourse and to continue using the same moral terms not necessarily accepting previously held moral views but re inventing morality as a device for counteracting limited sympathies and giving it whatever content we think best serves this purpose. In his comprehensive study of causality which draws extensively on historical sources Mackie distinguishes an analysis of causation as it is in the objects from an analysis of our ordinary concept of causation offering a regularity analysis for the former and a counterfactual analysis for the latter supplementing each with an account of the direction of causation. The regularity analysis is his memorable development from Mill that a cause is an inus condition ofan effect an insufficient but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition. His counterfactual analysis is that a cause is necessary in the circumstances for an effect such counterfactual claims being according to him strictly speaking neither true nor false. . J. L. Mackie The Cement ofthe Universe Oxford 1974 chs. 2 and 3. ----Ethics Inventing Right and Wrong Harmondsworth 1977 ch. 1. Macmurray John 1891-1976 . British philosopher who held chairs in London and Edinburgh. He maintained that the error of traditional philosophy consisted in making its starting-point the self as subject I think . Macmurray proposed as the starting-point the self as agent I do. He argued that thought is derivative from action and that the identity of the self as agent is constituted by its relationships with other agents in communities. His belief that we are members not just of the human community but of the natural world gives his thinking a contemporary flavour reminiscent of much applied philosophy . He held that religion is distinctive of personal life in that

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