TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 17

161 In each of these examples, the bracketed clause is a control clause containing a PRO argument. In each case, PRO is the thematic complement of a passive participle (viz. betrayed/indicted/accused). Hence, if control to has no [EPP] feature and PRO remains in situ, the TP in the bracketed infinitive complement in (46b) will have the skeletal structure (47a) below, but if control to has an [EPP] feature, this will trigger movement of PRO to become the structural subject of to – as in (47b): (47)(a) (b) [CP [C ø] [TP [T to] [AUXP themselves [AUX be] [VP [V indicted]. | 161 In each of these examples the bracketed clause is a control clause containing a PRO argument. In each case PRO is the thematic complement of a passive participle viz. betrayed indicted accused . Hence if control to has no EPP feature and PRO remains in situ the TP in the bracketed infinitive complement in 46b will have the skeletal structure 47a below but if control to has an EPP feature this will trigger movement of PRO to become the structural subject of to - as in 47b 47 a cp c 0 tp t to auxp themselves aux be vp v indicted PRO b CP c 0 TP PRO t to AUXP themselves aux be vp v indicted PRO Given the requirement for a floating emphatic reflexive to be c-commanded by its antecedent and given that PRO is the intended antecedent of themselves in 47 it is clear that 47a cannot be the right structure since PRO does not c-command themselves in 47a . By contrast movement of PRO to spec-TP in 47b means that PRO will indeed c-command themselves so correctly predicting that 47b is grammatical. Let s therefore follow Chomsky 1998 1999 2001 in positing that control to does indeed have an EPP feature triggering raising of PRO to spec-TP. Let s also follow Chomsky in positing that PRO is assigned null case by agreement with a c-commanding T with null non-finite tense in much the same way as subj ects in tensed clauses are assigned nominative case by agreement with a c-commanding T which has finite present or past tense. More specifically let s assume that to in control infinitives contains not only an abstract non-finite tense feature but also abstract f-features and let s further suppose that null case assignment can be characterised informally as follows 48 Null Case Assignment An unvalued case feature on a goal is valued as null by a probe carrying null non-finite tense if probe and goal match in person and number f-features See Stowell 1982 and Martin 2001 on the tense properties of control to and Martin 2001 for evidence that control to has agreement features but see .

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