TAILIEUCHUNG - CCNA 1 and 2 Companion Guide, Revised (Cisco Networking Academy Program) part 9

Cisco Networking Academy Program CCNA 1 and 2 Companion Guide, Revised part 9 is the Cisco approved textbook to use alongside version of the Cisco Networking Academy Program CCNA 1 and CCNA 2 web-based courses. The topics covered provide you with the necessary knowledge to begin your preparation for the CCNA certification exam (640-801, or 640-821 and 640-811) and to enter the field of network administration. | Page 49 Tuesday May 20 2003 2 53 PM Networking Terminology 49 Starting in the 1960s and continuing through the 1990s the . Department of Defense DoD developed large reliable WANs for military and scientific reasons. This technology was different from the point-to-point communication used in bulletin boards. It allowed multiple computers to be connected using many different paths. The network itself determined how to move data from one computer to another. Instead of being able to communicate with only one other computer at a time many computers could be reached using the same connection. The DoD s WAN eventually became the Internet. Network Protocols Protocol suites are collections of protocols that enable network communication from one host through the network to another host. A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern a particular aspect of how devices on a network communicate. Protocols determine the format timing sequencing and error control in data communication. Without protocols the computer cannot create or rebuild the stream of incoming bits from another computer into the original data. Protocols control all aspects of data communication. They determine how the physical network is built how computers connect to the network how the data is formatted for transmission and how that data is sent. These network rules are created and maintained by many different organizations and committees Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE American National Standards Institute ANSI Telecommunications Industry Association TIA Electronic Industries Alliance EIA International Telecommunications Union ITU formerly known as the CCITT Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique Local-Area Networks LANs LANs consist of computers network interface cards peripheral devices networking media and network devices. Figure 2-6 illustrates a LAN. LANs make it possible for businesses that use computer .

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