TAILIEUCHUNG - Medical toxicology of modern (Fourth edition): Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Medical toxicology of modern (Fourth edition) has contents: Asphyxiant poisons, hydrocarbons and pesticides, miscellaneous drugs and poisons, substance abuse, food poisons, substance abuse, analytical toxicology. Invite you to refer. | Section 7 Asphyxiant Poisons . 26 Toxic Gases Toxic gases may be classified as follows 1. Simple Asphyxiants These gases displace oxygen from the ambient air and reduce the partial pressure of available oxygen. Examples include carbon dioxide nitrogen aliphatic hydrocarbon gases butane ethane methane and propane and noble gases argon helium neon radon and xenon . 2. Respiratory Irritants These gases damage the respiratory tract by destroying the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Examples include acrolein ammonia chloramine chlorine formaldehyde hydrogen sulfide methyl bromide methyl isocyanate oxides of nitrogen osmium tetroxide ozone phosgene and sulfur dioxide. Heavy metal-related gases also come under this category cadmium fumes copper fumes mercury vapour zinc chloride and zinc oxide . 3. Systemic Asphyxiants These gases produce significant systemic toxicity by specialised mechanisms. Examples include carbon monoxide cyanide and smoke. It must be noted that systemic toxicity may also be observed in the case of some simple asphyxiants and respiratory irritants though it is not the predominant feature. Discussion of toxicity of the examples mentioned under the various categories now follows while pointing out that some of them have been discussed elsewhere consult Index . SIMPLE ASPHYXIANTS Carbon Dioxide CO2 Physical Appearance Colourless odourless non-flammable gas which is heavier than air. In its solid form dry ice it is whitish in colour and acts as a corrosive. Uses 1. Fire extinguisher. 2. Carbonation of soft drinks. 3. Shielding gas during welding processes. 4. Synthesis of urea for dry ice and organic synthesis. Clinical Features Four stages have been described depending on the arterial oxygen saturation Y Indifferent Stage - O2 Saturation 90 - Night vision decreased. Y Compensatory Stage - O2 Saturation 82 to 90 - Respiratory rate compensatory increase - Pulse compensatory increase - Night vision decreased further - Performance ability somewhat reduced

• Y khoa - Dược
• Pillay modern medical toxicology
• Asphyxiant poisons
• Miscellaneous drugs
• Substance abuse
• Food poisons
• Substance abuse
• Analytical toxicology
• General principles
• Corrosive poisons
• Chemical poisons
• Organic poisons
• Neurotoxic poisons
• Cardiovascular poisons
• BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Major depressive disorder
• Geneva Cocktail Phenotypic
• Analytical method developed
• O demethyl venlafaxine
• Drug metabolizing enzymes