TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 42A: Circulation

After studying this chapter you will be able to: Compare and contrast open and closed circulatory systems; compare and contrast the circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals or birds; distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circuits and explain the function of each; trace the path of a red blood cell through the human heart, pulmonary circuit, and systemic circuit. | Warm-Up (Ch. 41) List the locations where each of the 4 macromolecules are chemically digested. (Ch. 41) Where do vertebrates store excess calories? (Ch. 42) Draw and label the structure of a human heart. (Ch. 42) List the pathway of a single red blood cell through the heart. Chapter 42 – Part I Circulation What you need to know: Circulatory vessels, heart chambers, route of mammalian circulation Evolution of the heart from 2 4 chambers How RBC’s demonstrate structure/function Blood pressure Cardiovascular disease (Roles of diet, BP, genetics) Transport systems (circulation) linked with gas exchange (respiration) Diffusion of gases only rapid across small distances Basic: Cells in direct contact with environment Ex. sponges Gastrovascular Cavity: For digestion & distribute substances Ex. jellies, flatworms Circulatory System: Moves fluid to tissues & cells for exchange Ex. larger animals Circulatory System = Blood + Vessels + Heart Open circulatory system: blood bathes organs directly Blood + lymph = hemolymph Heart pumps hemolymph into sinuses Ex. arthropods, mollusks Closed circulatory system: blood contained in vessels & pumped around body Blood and fluid separate Ex. annelids, cephalopods, vertebrates Figure Endothelium Artery Smooth muscle Connective tissue Capillary Valve Vein Basal lamina Endothelium Smooth muscle Connective tissue Venule Arteriole Figure The structure of blood vessels. Types of Blood Vessels arterioles venules Blood enters through an atrium and is pumped out through a ventricle Fish = single circulation pathway, 2 chambers Double circulation: amphibians, reptiles, mammals © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Double circulation pathways in vertebrates Pathway of blood through heart Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Capillaries of right lung Pulmonary vein Aorta Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Capillaries of abdominal organs and hind limbs Right atrium Aorta Left ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery .

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