TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Financial management and real options: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Financial management and real options" hass contents: Portfolio theory and asset pricing, portfolio theory and asset pricing, long term financing, dividend policy, capital structure, lease finance, financial planning and solvency, financial planning and solvency,.and other contents. | Financial Structure 12 Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing 13 Calculating the Cost of Capital 14 Long-term Financing 15 Dividend Policy 16 Capital Structure 17 Lease Finance 22 1 246 264 286 303 33 1 Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing1 Earlier chapters suggested that the opportunity cost of investment in a capital project is the rate of return available to shareholders from securities having the same risk. We used the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to represent this financial market benchmark for required rates of return. This model assumes that shareholders diversify their assets efficiently. Imperfect correlation between security returns implies that when the prices of some assets in the portfolio fall, others in the portfolio can be rising. The net effect is reduction of risk for the portfolio as a whole. Portfolio theory helps an investor to use efficient diversification to obtain an optimum balance between the expected return on a portfolio and its risk. If all investors diversified efficiently in this way, an equilibrium relationship between expected returns and risk in the financial market would result. The CAPM portrays this equilibrium. Arbitrage is another method that investors can use to reduce the risk of investments. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) represents an alternative and more robust model of market equilibrium. The APT equilibrium includes the single-factor CAPM as a special case, but permits the use of additional factors to explain expected rates of return in the financial market. Portfolio management underpins much of the activity in the financial services industry, and thus portfolio theory is an important subject in its own right. In addition, portfolio theory is the foundation of much of what we know about asset pricing. TOPICS Consequently, this chapter concerns the following: expected returns; risk; risk reduction through portfolio diversification; portfolios of two securities; portfolios of more than two .

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