TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 16 - Campbell, Reece

Chapter 16 - The molecular basis of inheritance. This chapter presents the following content: The search for genetic material led to DNA, Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data. | CHAPTER 16 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: DNA as the Genetic Material 1. The search for genetic material led to DNA 2. Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick shook the scientific world with an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Your genetic endowment is the DNA you inherited from your parents. Nucleic acids are unique in their ability to direct their own replication. The resemblance of offspring to their parents depends on the precise replication of DNA and its transmission from one generation to the next. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Once . Morgan’s group showed that genes are located on chromosomes, the two constituents of chromosomes - proteins and DNA - were the candidates for the genetic material. Until the 1940s, the great heterogeneity and specificity of function of proteins seemed to indicate that proteins were the genetic material. However, this was not consistent with experiments with microorganisms, like bacteria and viruses. 1. The search for genetic material led to DNA Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The discovery of the genetic role of DNA began with research by Frederick Griffith in 1928. He studied Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes pneumonia in mammals. One strain, the R strain, was harmless. The other strain, the S strain, was pathogenic. In an experiment Griffith mixed heat-killed S strain with live R strain bacteria and injected this into a mouse. The mouse died and he recovered the pathogenic strain from the mouse’s blood. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Griffith called this phenomenon transformation, a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation .

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