TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "PROMNECMAIO OF CMOETAL GORITHMS EFRACOPRSNOPNNFR THE PHONEMI CIZATION OF OTORPYORHGAH"

A system for converting English text into synthetic speech can be divided into two processes that operate in series: I) a text-to-phoneme converter, and 2) a phonemic-input speech synthesizer. The conversion of orthographic text into a phonemic form may itself comprise several processes i n series, for instance, formatting t e x t t o expand a b b r e v i a t i o n s and n o n - a l p h a b e t i c e x p r e s s i o n s , p a r. | PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF COMPONENT ALGORITHMS FOR THE PHONEMICIZATION OF ORTHOGRAPHY Jared Bernstein Larry Nessly Telesensory Speech Systems University of North Carolina Palo Alto CA 94304 chapel Hill NC 27514 A system for converting English text into synthetic speech can be divided into two processes that operate in series 1 a text-to-phoneme converter and 2 a phonemic-input speech synthesizer. The conversion of orthographic text into a phonemic form may itself comprise several processes in series for instance formatting text to expand abbreviations and non-alphabetic expressions parsing and word class determination segmental phonemicization of words word and clause level stress assignment word internal and word boundary allophonic adjustments and duration and fundamental frequency settings for phonological units. Comparing the accuracy of different algorithms for text-to-phoneme conversion is often difficult because authors measure and report system performance Ln incommensurable ways. Furthermore comparison of the output speech from two complete systems may not always provide a good test of the performance of the corresponding component algorithms in the two systems because radical performance differences in other components can obscure small differences in the components of interest. The only reported direct comparison of two complete text-to-speech systems MITALK and TSI s TTS-X was conducted by Bernstein and Pisoni 1980 . This paper reports one study that compared two algorithms for automatic segmental phonemlcization of words and a second study that compared two algorithms for automatic assignment of lexical stress. Only three systems for text-to-phoneme conversion have been reported in detail McIlroy s 1974 Votrax driver Hunnicutt s 1976 rules for the MITALK system and the NRL rules developed by Elovitz and associates 1976 . Liberman 1979 Hertz 1981 and Hunnicutt 1980 have described more recent systems but have not published rule sets. One fairly standard

• Báo cáo khoa học
• PROMNECMAIO OF CMOETAL
• GORITHMS EFRACOPRSNOPNNFR
• PHONEMI CIZATION OF OTORPYORHGAH
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln