TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics (6th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "BRS biochemistry molecular biology and genetics" presents the following contents: Lipid and ethanol metabolism; nitrogen metabolism–amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and products derived from amino acids; molecular endocrinology and an overview of tissue metabolism, human genetics—an introduction. | 7 chapter Lipid and Ethanol Metabolism The major clinical uses of this chapter are understanding the basics of lipid disorders and treatment understanding obesity and weight loss and understanding the rationale of medication that targets eicosanoids. OVERVIEW Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are related by their insolubility in water. Membranes contain lipids particularly phosphoglycerides sphingolipids and cholesterol. Triacylglycerols which provide the body with its major source of energy are obtained from the diet or synthesized mainly in the liver. They are transported in the blood as lipoproteins and are stored in adipose tissue Fig. . The major classes of blood lipoproteins include chylomicrons very low-density lipoprotein VLDL intermediate-density lipoprotein IDL low-density lipoprotein LDL and high-density lipoprotein HDL . Chylomicrons are produced in intestinal cells from dietary lipid and VLDL is produced in the liver mainly from dietary carbohydrate. The triacylglycerols of chylomicrons and VLDL are hydrolyzed in the blood by lipoprotein lipase to fatty acids and glycerol. In adipose cells the fatty acids are converted to triacylglycerols and stored. IDL consists of the remains of VLDL after digestion of some of the triacylglycerols. IDL can either be endocytosed by liver cells and digested by lysosomal enzymes or converted to LDL by further digestion of triacylglycerols. LDL undergoes endocytosis and lysosomal digestion both in the liver and in the peripheral tissues. Chylomicron remnants are endocytosed by the liver. Cholesterol travels through the blood as a component of the blood lipoproteins. Cholesterol is synthesized in most cells of the body. The key regulatory enzyme is hydroxymethylglutaryl HMG -CoA reductase. Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes. In the liver cholesterol is converted to bile salts and it forms steroid hormones in endocrine tissues. HDL transfers proteins including an activator of lipoprotein lipase .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Lipid and ethanol metabolism
• BRS biochemistry molecular biology
• Nitrogen metabolism–amino acid
• Products derived from amino acids
• Molecular endocrinology
• Human genetics—an introduction
• An overview of tissue metabolism