TAILIEUCHUNG - HOLLYWOOD: Thomas Schatz and Alisa Perren

This study compares the depicted reality the films present to audiences with previous addiction cinema and with real-world economic and cultural conditions. Since films privilege certain viewpoints through representational strategies and by leaving out alternatives, I also examine the ideologies of the films and issues of textual silence. The study offers a critique of these issues in the spirit of other well-known ideological film studies, such as Ryan and Kellner's (1988) Camera Politica | 24 HOLLYWOOD Thomas Schatz and Alisa Perren Any effort to assess analyze or even describe Hollywood inevitably begins with a definitional dilemma. The term Hollywood refers to an actual place of course a community north of Los Angeles that emerged nearly a century ago as a primary base of operations for the burgeoning American film industry. But the industry involved far more than the Hollywood environs even then and as it continued to develop the meanings associated with the term Hollywood became increasingly complex and multivalent. Most fundamentally the term Hollywood refers to three interrelated aspects of American cinema the industrial the institutional and the formal-aesthetic. As an industry Hollywood is a vast integrated commercial enterprise with specific business practices and standard operating procedures geared primarily to producing and distributing feature-length films Hollywood movies . The film industry like most capital-intensive entertainment and media enterprises has always tended toward an oligopoly structure that is a system whereby a few companies control a particular industry. This invokes the institutional aspect in that the film industry has been dominated from the outset by a handful of movie studios Paramount Fox Warner Bros. many of which still operate and still rule the industry. During the classical era of the 1920s through the 1940s the most powerful studios controlled all phases of the industry production distribution and exhibition through a vertically integrated system that mass-produced movies for a receptive mass audience. The studios lost their collective control of the industry 495 496 Specific Areas of Media Research during the postwar era due to a combination of factors including antitrust litigation the rise of independent film production and the juggernaut of commercial television. The studios adapted and survived and since the 1970s they have enjoyed a remarkable resurgence and have reasserted their collective control of

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