TAILIEUCHUNG - Everything you want to know about Coagulation & Flocculation....

The removal of suspended matter from water is one of the major goals of water treatment. Only disinfection is used more often or considered more important. In fact, effective clarification is really necessary for completely reliable disinfection because microorganisms are shielded by particles in the water. Clarification usually involves: • coagulation • flocculation • settling • filtration This guide focuses on coagulation and flocculation: the two key steps which often determine finished water quality | Everything you want to know about Coagulation Flocculation. Q Zeta-Meter Inc. Fourth Edition April 1993 Copyright Copyright by Zeta-Meter Inc. 1993 1991 1990 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Zeta-Meter Inc. Your Comments We hope this guide will be helpful. If you have any suggestions on how to make it better or if you have additional information you think would help other readers then please drop us a note or give us a call. Future editions will incorporate your comments. Address Zeta-Meter Inc. 765 Middlebrook Avenue PO Box 3008 Staunton Virginia 24402 Telephone Toll Free USA Fax E-Mail 886-3503 333-0229 886-3728 540 800 540 info@ http Credits Conceived and written by Louis Ravina Designed and illustrated by Nicholas Moramarco Contents Introduction iii A Word About This Guide Chapter 1 1 The Electrokinetic Connection Particle Charge Prevents Coagulation Microscopic Electrical Forces Balancing Opposing Forces Lowering the Energy Barrier Chapter2 9 Four Ways to Flocculate Coagulate Then Flocculate Double Layer Compression Charge Neutralization Bridging Colloid Entrapment Chapter 3 13 Selecting Polyelectrolytes An Aid or Substitute for Traditional Coagulants Picking the Best One Characterizing Polymers Enhancing Polymer Effectiveness Polymer Packaging and Feeding Interferences Chapter 4 19 Using Alum and Ferric Coagulants Time Tested Coagulants Aluminum Sulfate Alum pH Effects Coagulant Aids Chapter 5 25 Tools for Dosage Control Jar Test Zeta Potential Streaming Current Turbidity and Particle Count Chapter 6 33 Tips on Mixing Basics Rapid Mixing Flocculation The Zeta Potential Experts 37 About .

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• Electrokinetic Connection
• Four Ways to Flocculate
• Selecting Polyelectrolytes
• Using Alum
• Ferric Coagulants
• Dosage Control
• Critical process parameters
• Critical quality attributes
• Drop on demand
• Drug printing
• Supervisory control
• BMC Bioinformatics
• RNA interference
• Oscillation period
• Sensitivity analyse
• Optimal control