TAILIEUCHUNG - GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF A CRYPTIC COPEPOD SPECIES COMPLEX AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN GENETICALLY PROXIMATE ‘‘POPULATIONS’’

In Mozambique, Pathfinder is going beyond traditional maternal and child health to ensure the survival of children into adulthood. In addition to their traditional role distributing family planning information and products, CHWs have begun distributing water-purification solution and insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria prevention to pregnant women and mothers of children under five. They are promoting exclusive breast-feeding to the age of six-months, iron and folate supplements for pregnant women, growth monitoring, deworming, and proper nutrition. CHWs also identify children that have not been immunized and encourage immunization at vaccination posts or during campaigns. In the last six months, 4,700 bed nets and 1,650 bottles water. | Evolution 54 6 2000 pp. 2014-2027 GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF A CRYPTIC COPEPOD SPECIES COMPLEX AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN GENETICALLY PROXIMATE POPULATIONS Carol Eunmi Lee1 Marine Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory School of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-7940 Abstract. The copepod Eurytemora affinis has a broad geographic range within the Northern Hemisphere inhabiting coastal regions of North America Asia and Europe. A phylogenetic approach was used to determine levels of genetic differentiation among populations of this species and interpopulation crosses were performed to determine reproductive compatibility. DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes large subunit 16S rRNA 450 bp and cytochrome oxidase I COI 652 bp were obtained from 38 populations spanning most of the species range and from two congeneric species E. americana and E. herdmani. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a polytomy of highly divergent clades with maximum sequence divergences of 10 in 16S rRNA and 19 in COI. A power test difference of a proportion revealed that amount of sequence data collected was sufficient for resolving speciation events occurring at intervals greater than 300 000 years but insufficient for determining whether speciation events were approximately simultaneous. Geographic and genetic distances were not correlated Mantel s test r P suggesting that populations had not differentiated through gradual isolation by distance. At finer spatial scales there was almost no sharing of mtDNA haplotypes among proximate populations indicating little genetic exchange even between nearby sites. Interpopulation crosses demonstrated reproductive incompatibility among genetically distinct populations including those that were sympatric. Most notably two geographically distant 4000 km but genetically proximate 16S COI populations exhibited asymmetric reproductive isolation at the F2 generation. Large genetic divergences and .

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