TAILIEUCHUNG - The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Part 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the handbook of science and technology studies part 5', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 266 Ronald N. Giere meant to explain how humans with normal human cognitive capacities manage to do modern science. One way it is suggested is by constructing distributed cognitive systems that can be operated by humans possessing only the limited cognitive capacities they in fact possess. Moreover Latour himself now seems to agree with this assessment. In a 1986 review of Hutchins s Cognition in the Wild 1995 he explicitly lifts his earlier moratorium claiming that cognitive explanations . . . have been . . . made thoroughly compatible with the social explanations of science technology and formalism devised by my colleagues and myself Latour 1986a 62 . How this latter statement is to be reconciled with his theory of actants is not clear. Here I would agree with Andy Pickering 1995 9-20 who is otherwise quite sympathetic to Latour s enterprise that we should retain the ordinary asymmetrical conception of human agents rejecting both Knorr Cetina s super-agents and Latour s actants. Thus even in a distributed cognitive system we need not assign such attributes as intention or knowledge to a cognitive system as a whole but only to the human components of the system. In addition to placating common sense this resolution has the additional virtue that it respects the commitment of historians of science to a narrative form that features scientists as human actors. Laboratories as Evolving Distributed Cognitive Systems Applying the notion of distributed cognition Nancy Nersessian and associates 2003 have recently been investigating reasoning and representational practices employed in problem-solving in biomedical engineering laboratories. They argue that these laboratories are best construed as evolving distributed cognitive systems. The laboratory they claim is not simply a physical space but a problem space the components of which change over time. Cognition is distributed among people and artifacts and the relationships among the technological artifacts and the .

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