TAILIEUCHUNG - GLYCOGEN METABOLISM

In muscle forms as cytosolic granules with a diameter of 10 to 40 nm - the same as the size of ribosome. Concentration (liver cells) concentration (muscle cells) Total amount of glycogen in muscle cells in the liver. In the uterus, glycogen is stored during pregnancy to nourish the embryo. In vagina, glycogen is secreted and then converted into lactic acid to maintain the acidic environment in order to protect vagina from outside bacteria infections. In kidneys, brain and white blood cells | INTRODUCTION 1 GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS (GLYCOGENESIS) 2 GLYCOGEN DEGRADATION (GLYCOGENOLYSIS) 3 REGULATION OF GLYCOGEN 4 SUMMARY 5 Glycogen Starch Bacteria, fungi, animals Plants A carbohydrate Large number of glucose by α-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. In muscle forms as cytosolic granules with a diameter of 10 to 40 nm - the same as the size of ribosome. Concentration (liver cells) > concentration (muscle cells) Total amount of glycogen in muscle cells > in the liver. In the uterus, glycogen is stored during pregnancy to nourish the embryo. In vagina, glycogen is secreted and then converted into lactic acid to maintain the acidic environment in order to protect vagina from outside bacteria infections. In kidneys, brain and white blood cells. Synthesis Degradation Insulin, glucagons and epinephrine Glycogenolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are the way of storing glucose-6-phosphate until it is needed by the cell. The cell membrane is impermeable to glucose-6-phosphate molecules. Hence, glucose-6-phosphate is trapped inside the cell. It allows the recovery of more glucose from the bloodstream. INTRODUCTION 1 GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS (GLYCOGENESIS) 2 GLYCOGEN DEGRADATION (GLYCOGENOLYSIS) 3 REGULATION OF GLYCOGEN 4 SUMMARY 5 Excess of glucose Glycogen is synthesized from glucose-6-phosphate. Glycogen can either enter into pentose-phosphate pathway or contribute to the process of glycolysis. Involves 3 steps: Synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate Synthesis of UDP-glucose Synthesis glycogen from UDP-glucose Glucose-6-phosphate will the used in the synthesis of glycogen Phosphoglucomutase Phosphoglucomutase which contains a phosphoryl group attached to a reactive serine residue, glucose-6-phosphate is converted into glucose-1-phosphate. The enzyme’s phosphoryl group will attached to glucose-6-phosphate to form glucose-1,6-biphosphate. When glucose-1-phosphate is formed, the phosphoryl group attached to C-6 will be transferred to the enzyme’s serine residue

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