TAILIEUCHUNG - ADVANCES IN BIOMIMETICS_2

Tham khảo sách 'advances in biomimetics_2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 12 Biomimetic Model Membrane Systems Serve as Increasingly Valuable in Vitro Tools Mary T. Le Jennifer K. Litzenberger and Elmar J. Prenner University of Calgary Canada 1. Introduction Biological membranes contain a multitude of lipids proteins and carbohydrates unique for any given cell or organism and are a critical component of many biological processes. Animal and cell cultures have been used to understand these biological processes at the membrane level and more traditionally to assess toxicity. However the complex composition does not allow understanding of the detailed role of each membrane component such as individual lipid species. This insight can be obtained from using simplified model systems which include various kinds of vesicles unilamellar or multilamellar micelles monolayers at an air-water interface planar lipid bilayers black lipid membranes bicelles bilayered micelles and supported bilayers. All systems allow detailed control of composition and experimental conditions and have been used to mimic various different membrane types such as mammalian and bacterial. Using various physicochemical techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance NMR differential scanning calorimetry DSC isothermal calorimetry ITC electron spin resonance fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction it is possible to investigate the mechanisms of membrane toxicity through differential changes in acyl chain melting temperature membrane fluidity and permeability of these different membrane models upon ligand binding. Moreover the effects of ions Na K Li Ca2 Mg2 Ba2 toxic heavy metals Hg2 Cd2 and a variety of drugs . Ellipticine for tumors and H1N1 virus or cyclosporine A to prevent graft rejection have been evaluated on mammalian systems. For bacterial model membranes the effects of antimicrobial peptides antibiotics the interaction of proteins with model membranes and the insertion or reconstitution of membrane proteins into such systems have also been investigated. .

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