TAILIEUCHUNG - ITU Study on the Financial Aspects of Network Security: Malware and Spam

In our example, we have made some simplifications. Specifically, if the DNS system worked as we just described it is not difficult to see that the root servers would receive an enormous amount of traffic. In practice this problem is solved in two ways. First, the “clients” in our example will cache all answers it receives. This means that once it has received the addresses for “se” from the root server it is able to query these servers directly for addresses within the “se” zone in the future. Secondly, the “clients” are usually not applications or even individual workstations but rather a server located close to the. | ITU Study on the Financial Aspects of Network Security Malware and Spam ICT Applications and Cybersecurity Division Policies and Strategies Department ITU Telecommunication Development Sector Final Report July 2008 Acknowledgements This paper has been produced by Johannes M. Bauer Quello Center for Telecommunication Management and Law Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Michel J. G. van Eeten School of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands and Tithi Chattopadhyay Yuehua Wu Quello Center for Telecommunication Management and Law Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA The authors wish to thank Jennifer Defore for editorial support. Comments by Robert Shaw Suresh Ramasubramanian and participants at the ITU Cybersecurity Forum in Brisbane are gratefully acknowledged. Their feedback made this a much more coherent and readable report This ITU Study on the Financial Aspects of Network Security Malware and Spam is available online at ITU-D cyb cybersecurity docs This document is formatted for printing recto-verso. This document has been issued without formal editing. For further information and to make comments on this document please contact ICT Applications and Cybersecurity Division CYB Policies and Strategies Department Telecommunication Development Bureau International Telecommunication Union Place des Nations 1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone 41 22 730 5825 6052 Fax 41 22 730 5484 E-mail cybmail@ Website ITU-D cyb Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author s and do not necessarily represent the views of the International Telecommunication Union ITU or its membership. The designations employed and the presentation of material including maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or

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