TAILIEUCHUNG - PRESS RELEASE 2011-10-03 : The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

This, too, was the period when the integrity of Eclectic Medicines was threatened by the “resinoid” distraction, with which dishonest manufacturers came near disrupting Eclecticism. Finally, there arose a fierce war against Professor L. E. Jones (conducted most largely upon paper) which displayed to full advantage the ridiculous frailties of all concerned. Another disturber was to come. Professor Bickley, having resigned on account of ill-health, there was appointed in his place a physician of scholarly attainments, but educated in the regular school and consequently one not able to appreciate the position, or the virtues, of the Eclectic System of medicine | Nobelforsamlingen va The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet PRESS RELEASE 2011-10-03 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided that The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shall be divided with one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity SUMMARY This year s Nobel Laureates have revolutionized our understanding of the immune system by discovering key principles for its activation. Scientists have long been searching for the gatekeepers of the immune response by which man and other animals defend themselves against attack by bacteria and other microorganisms. Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann discovered receptor proteins that can recognize such microorganisms and activate innate immunity the first step in the body s immune response. Ralph Steinman discovered the dendritic cells of the immune system and their unique capacity to activate and regulate adaptive immunity the later stage of the immune response during which microorganisms are cleared from the body. The discoveries of the three Nobel Laureates have revealed how the innate and adaptive phases of the immune response are activated and thereby provided novel insights into disease mechanisms. Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections cancer and inflammatory diseases. The Nobel Assembly consisting of 50 professors at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Its Nobel Committee evaluates the nominations. Since 1901 the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of mankind. Nobel Prize is the registered trademark of the Nobel Foundation 1 Two lines of defense in the immune system We live in a dangerous world. Pathogenic microorganisms bacteria

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