TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 129

The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 129. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 1250 PETER HARDER the modular and formal approach of the previous generation of linguists and cognitive scientists and by the development toward applying the central insights of Cognitive Linguistics to more and more areas. From an internalist perspective concerned with everything that goes on inside the cognizing subject this broad use of the term makes it natural to understand most forms of response and processing as coming under the label cognition. Lakoff and Johnson 1999 17 even see the amoeba as a categorizing entity because it distinguishes between two sets of objects by either moving toward them or away from them. However a continuity that generalizes mental phenomena downwards to include mechanisms that other authors see as clearly nonmental . Johnson-Laird 1988 24 raises a philosophical issue with those natural scientists who would like to generalize upwards from purely physical neurological reactions in order to eliminate all reference to mental phenomena from scientific description. If we generalize from the physical level the ontological dilemma of reductionism arises several kinds of apparently different objects are reduced to one kind in the theory . Conversely if we attribute mental life to objects that do not obviously manifest it the possibility of using Occam s razor arises pruning away unnecessary additions to the world picture. Either way there is a need to clarify the ontology of the object domain. From an externalist perspective the strategy of emphasizing continuity means that all sorts of human experience from bodily movement via everyday interaction to religion ideology and politics see Dirven Hawkins and Sandikcioglu 2000 Dirven Frank and Ilie 2001 are part of the domain of cognition and conceptualization. The continuity between conceptualizations as they operate inside and outside the individual head is stressed for example by Gibbs 1999 . Notwithstanding the virtues offered by this all-encompassing approach it means that the realm of

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