TAILIEUCHUNG - SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT: OLD PROBLEMS OR NEW CHALLENGES?

Dr. Samuel Luoma has given us an excellent description and analysis of the science of silver and nanosilver. His paper raises many questions for policy makers. Its subtitle, “Old Problems or New Challenges,” is appropriate, because the subject of the paper is both. Metals are among the oldest of environmental problems. Lead, silver and mercury have posed health hazards for thousands of years, and they are as persistent in the environmental policy world as they are in the environment. Nanotechnology is a new challenge, but the scope of the policy issues it presents is as broad and difficult as the technology itself | Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND the Environment OLD PROBLEMS OR NEW CHALLENGES Samuel N. Luoma Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies is supported by THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS PEN 15 SEPTEMBER 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 FOREWORD 4 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 I. INTRODUCTION 14 II. FATE AND EFFECTS OF SILVER IN THE ENVIRONMENT 14 History of Silver Toxicity 14 Source-Pathway-Receptor-Impact 15 Sources How Much Silver Is Released to the Environment by Human Activities 18 Pathways What Are the Concentrations of Silver in the Environment 20 Pathways Forms and Fate 22 Receptor In What Forms Is Silver Bioavailable 25 Impact Toxicity of Silver 35 III. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND NANOSILVER 35 Conceptual Framework 35 Sources of Nanosilver and Potential Dispersal to the Environment 39 Mass Discharges to the Environment from New Technologies 44 Pathways of Nanosilver in the Environment 47 Is Nanosilver Bioavailable 51 How Does Nanosilver Manifest Its Toxicity 57 IV. THE WAY FORWARD CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND the Environment OLD PROBLEMS OR NEW CHALLENGES Samuel N. Luoma PEN 15 SEPTEMBER 2008 The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect views of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars or The Pew Charitable .

• Tiếng Anh thương mại
• Emerging Nanotechnologies
• Silver Toxicity
• Human Activities
• Silver Bioavailable
• Conceptual Framework
• Mass Discharges