TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: Thiamin diphosphate in biological chemistry: new aspects of thiamin metabolism, especially triphosphate derivatives acting other than as cofactors

Prokaryotes, yeasts and plants synthesize thiamin (vitamin B1) via complex pathways. Animal cells capture the vitamin through specific high-affinity transporters essential for internal thiamin homeostasis. Inside the cells, thi-amin is phosphorylated to higher phosphate derivatives. Thiamin diphos-phate (ThDP) is the best-known thiamin compound because of its role as an enzymatic cofactor. | ỊFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Thiamin diphosphate in biological chemistry new aspects of thiamin metabolism especially triphosphate derivatives acting other than as cofactors Lucien Bettendorff and Pierre Wins GIGA-Neurosciences University of Liege Belgium Keywords adenosine thiamin triphosphate adenylate kinase alarmone Escherichia coli regulation riboswitch thiamin transport thiamin triphosphatase thiamin triphosphate triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes Correspondence L. Bettendorff GIGA-Neurosciences University of Liege Bat. B36 Tour de Pathologie 2 etage 1 Avenue de l Hopital 1 B-4000 Liege 1 Sart Tilman Belgium Fax 32 4 366 59 53 Tel 32 4 366 59 67 E-mail Received 9 October 2008 revised 26 February 2009 accepted 12 March 2009 doi Prokaryotes yeasts and plants synthesize thiamin vitamin B1 via complex pathways. Animal cells capture the vitamin through specific high-affinity transporters essential for internal thiamin homeostasis. Inside the cells thiamin is phosphorylated to higher phosphate derivatives. Thiamin diphosphate ThDP is the best-known thiamin compound because of its role as an enzymatic cofactor. However in addition to ThDP at least three other thiamin phosphates occur naturally in most cells thiamin monophosphate thiamin triphosphate ThTP and the recently discovered adenosine thiamin triphosphate. It has been suggested that ThTP has a specific neurophysiological role but recent data favor a much more basic metabolic function. During amino acid starvation Escherichia coli accumulate ThTP possibly acting as a signal involved in the adaptation of the bacteria to changing nutritional conditions. In animal cells ThTP can phosphorylate some proteins but the physiological significance of this mechanism remains unknown. Adenosine thiamin triphosphate recently discovered in E. coli accumulates during carbon starvation and might act as an alarmone. Among the proteins involved in thiamin metabolism thiamin .

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