TAILIEUCHUNG - WORLD of MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY VOL 1

Colin Munro MacLeod is recognized as one of the founders of molecular biology for his research concerning the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in bacteria. Along with his colleagues Oswald Avery and Maclyn McCarty, MacLeod conducted experiments on bacterial transformation which indicated that DNA was the active agent in the genetic transformation of bacterial cells. His earlier research focused on the causes of pneumonia and the development of serums to treat it. MacLeod later became chairman of the department of microbiology at New York University; he also worked with a number of government agencies and served as White House science advisor to President John F. Kennedy. | for rhodopsin a protein involved in vision. In 1966 Khorana was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. His many honors and awards include the Merck Award from the Chemical Institute of Canada the Dannie-Heinneman Prize the American Chemical Society Award for Creative Work in Synthetic Organic Chemistry the Lasker Foundation Award for Basic Medical Research the Padma Vibhushan Presidential Award the Ellis Island Medal of Honor the National Medal of Science and the Paul Kayser International Award of Merit in Retina Research. He holds Honorary Degrees for numerous universities including Simon Fraser University Vancouver Canada University of Liverpool England University of Punjab India University of Delhi India Calcutta University India University of Chicago and University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada. See also Genetic regulation of eukaryotic cells Microbial genetics KITASATO ShIBASABURO 1852-1931 Japanese bacteriologist Bacteriologist Shibasaburo Kitasato made several important contributions to the understanding of human disease and how the body fights off infection. He also discovered the bacterium that causes bubonic plague. Born in Kumamoto Japan Kitasato completed his medical studies at the University of Tokyo in 1883. Shortly after he traveled to Berlin to work in the laboratory of Robert Koch. Among his greatest accomplishments Kitasato discovered a way of growing a pure culture of tetanus bacillus using anaerobic methods in 1889. In the following year Kitasato and German microbiologist Emil von Behring reported on the discovery of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin. They found that animals injected with the microbes that cause tetanus or diphtheria produced substances in their blood called antitoxins which neutralized the toxins produced by the microbes. Furthermore these antitoxins could be injected into healthy animals providing them with immunity to the microbes. This was a major finding in explaining the workings of the immune system. Kitasato

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