TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 14

The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 14. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 100 DAVID TUGGy Thus for instance the word can-opener or the phrase Here s Johnnie are conventionally entrenched for millions of American English speakers. The sanction they receive from well-entrenched Object-Process-er or Here s Name schemas reinforces their legitimacy as parts of the English language. Those same schemas will also sanction such nonestablished perhaps more accurately not-yet-established structures as beetle-smasher or Here s Hortense These structures do not sanction themselves but the sanction they receive from the schemas qualifies them as acceptable English. For the presumably novel word beetle-collector there is also direct sanction from the elaboratively closer schemas and perhaps Insect-collector 23 and partial indirect sanction from butterflycollector and perhaps bug-collector and others making it more strongly sanctioned than beetle-smasher would be. Similarly Here s Jennie will receive significantly more sanction from the established Here s Johnnie than will Here s Hortense because the sanction is more nearly though not fully direct. This is the mechanism by which Cognitive Grammar accounts for the occurrence of novel formations. Schematic patterns sanction both established and novel structures and a novel structure is automatically acceptable to the degree that it directly elaborates a well-established elaboratively close schema or set of schemas. The sanction it receives is the measure of its well-formedness . how closely it conforms to linguistic convention Langacker 1987a 66 . Although a schema in such a case is a kind of rule it is not the schema but the speaker who taking advantage of the sanction afforded by that rule creates the new structure. Creative as opposed to rule-governed production of new forms will be evidenced by novel structures which depend more on partial than on full sanction or whose sanction comes only from elaboratively distant sources. In extreme cases there may even be no clear sanction .

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