TAILIEUCHUNG - Turbomachines

Laser velocimeter measurements of the flow field in the rotor row of a low-speed research turbine. 1Photograph courtesy of Dr. D. C. Wisler, Director, Aerodynamic Research Laboratory of GE Aircraft .Turbomachines The complete material for Chapter 12 is contained in the E-book only. In previous chapters we often used generic “black boxes” to represent fluid machines such as pumps or turbines. The purpose of this chapter is to understand from a fluid mechanics standpoint how these devices work. Pumps and turbines 1sometimes called fluid machines2 occur in a wide variety of configurations. In general, pumps add energy to the fluid—they do work. | Laser velocimeter measurements of the flow field in the rotor row of a low-speed research turbine. Photograph courtesy of Dr. D. C. Wisler Director Aerodynamic Research Laboratory of GE Aircraft Engines. 12 Turbomachines The complete material for Chapter 12 is contained in the E-book only. Turbomachines are dynamic fluid machines that add for pumps or extract for turbines flow energy. In previous chapters we often used generic black boxes to represent fluid machines such as pumps or turbines. The purpose of this chapter is to understand from a fluid mechanics standpoint how these devices work. Pumps and turbines sometimes called fluid machines occur in a wide variety of configurations. In general pumps add energy to the fluid they do work on the fluid turbines extract energy from the fluid the fluid does work on them. The term pump will be used to generically refer to all pumping machines including pumps fans blowers and compressors. Fluid machines can be divided into two main categories positive displacement machines denoted as the static type and turbomachines denoted as the dynamic type . The majority of this chapter deals with turbomachines. Positive displacement machines force a fluid into or out of a chamber by changing the volume of the chamber. The pressures developed and the work done are a result of essentially static forces rather than dynamic effects. Typical examples shown in Fig. include the common tire pump used to fill bicycle tires the human heart and the gear pump. In these cases the device does work on the fluid the container wall moves against the fluid pressure force on the moving wall . The internal combustion engine in your car is a positivedisplacement machine in which the fluid does work on the machine the opposite of what happens in a pump. In the car engine the piston moves in the direction of the fluid pressure force acting on the piston face during the power stroke. Turbomachines on the other hand involve a collection of blades .

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