TAILIEUCHUNG - The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: reviewing the evidence

In this section, the scope and character of holdings in the HathiTrust Digital Library and ReCAP print repository are examined with a view to their potential value in a shared service environment. We first consider the range of holdings in the HathiTrust Digital Library, on the premise that the vast and still expanding scope of the mass-digitized corpus will be a key driver in the transformation of academic library collections and services. We then examine the intersection of titles held in the HathiTrust Digital Library and the ReCAP print repository to assess the degree to which large-scale storage collections might. | Available online at Agriculture Ecosystems Environment ELSEVIER Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 103 2004 1-25 locate agee Review The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe reviewing the evidence . Holland The Game Conservancy Trust Fordingbridge Hampshire SP6 1EF UK Received 23 April 2002 received in revised form 25 November 2003 accepted 10 December 2003 Abstract Conservation tillage CT is practised on 45 million ha world-wide predominantly in North and South America but its uptake is also increasing in South Africa Australia and other semi-arid areas of the world. It is primarily used as a means to protect soils from erosion and compaction to conserve moisture and reduce production costs. In Europe the area cultivated using minimum tillage is increasing primarily in an effort to reduce production costs but also as a way of preventing soil erosion and retain soil moisture. A large proportion 16 of Europe s cultivated land is also prone to soil degradation but farmers and governments are being slow to recognise and address the problem despite the widespread environmental problems that can occur when soils become degraded. Conservation tillage can improve soil structure and stability thereby facilitating better drainage and water holding capacity that reduces the extremes of water logging and drought. These improvements to soil structure also reduce the risk of runoff and pollution of surface waters with sediment pesticides and nutrients. Reducing the intensity of soil cultivation lowers energy consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide while carbon sequestration is raised though the increase in soil organic matter SOM . Under conservation tillage a richer soil biota develops that can improve nutrient recycling and this may also help combat crop pests and diseases. The greater availability of crop residues and weed seeds improves food supplies for insects birds and small mammals. All

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