TAILIEUCHUNG - Federal Pollution Control Laws: How Are They Enforced?

As a result of enforcement actions and settlements for noncompliance with federal pollution control requirements, the . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that, for FY2011, regulated entities committed to invest an estimated $ billion for judicially mandated pollution controls and cleanup, and for implementing mutually agreed upon (supplemental) environmentally beneficial projects. EPA estimates that these efforts achieved commitments to reduce, treat, or eliminate billion pounds of pollutants in the environment, primarily from air and water. EPA also assessed more than $ million in civil penalties (administrative and judicial) and $ million in criminal fines and restitution during FY2011. Nevertheless,. | Federal Pollution Control Laws How Are They Enforced Robert Esworthy Specialist in Environmental Policy July 7 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 RL34384 CRS Report for Congress------------- Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress ỉederal Pollution Control Laws How Are They Enforced Summary As a result of enforcement actions and settlements for noncompliance with federal pollution control requirements the . Environmental Protection Agency EPA reported that for FY2011 regulated entities committed to invest an estimated billion for judicially mandated pollution controls and cleanup and for implementing mutually agreed upon supplemental environmentally beneficial projects. EPA estimates that these efforts achieved commitments to reduce treat or eliminate billion pounds of pollutants in the environment primarily from air and water. EPA also assessed more than million in civil penalties administrative and judicial and million in criminal fines and restitution during FY2011. Nevertheless noncompliance with federal pollution control laws remains a continuing concern. The overall effectiveness of the enforcement organizational framework the balance between state autonomy and federal oversight and the adequacy of funding are long-standing congressional concerns. This report provides an overview of the statutory framework key players infrastructure resources tools and operations associated with enforcement and compliance of the major pollution control laws and regulations administered by EPA. It also outlines the roles of federal including regional offices and state regulators as well as the regulated community. Understanding the many facets of how all federal pollution control laws are enforced and the responsible parties involved can be challenging. Enforcement of the considerable body of these laws involves a complex framework and organizational setting. The array of enforcement compliance tools employed to achieve and .

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