TAILIEUCHUNG - ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Theodore Panayotou

Those travelling by train were found to experience the lowest air pollution concentrations, as the train travelled on its own dedicated track, well removed from any road traffic. Apart from the train’s own engine, a possible additional source of carbon monoxide on board trains may have been from the exhaled air of smokers having smoked a cigarette immediately prior to boarding the train. The same applies for buses. Apart from the motorcycle, in general, the average CO exposures were found to be highest for car and bus users. The international literature explains that this is due to the fact. | 45 CHAPTER 2 ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT Theodore Panayotou Introduction Will the world be able to sustain economic growth indefinitely without running into resource constraints or despoiling the environment beyond repair What is the relationship between a steady increase in incomes and environmental quality Are there trade-offs between the goals of achieving high and sustainable rates of economic growth and attaining high standards of environmental quality For some social and physical scientists such as Georgescu-Roegen55 and Meadows et al. 56 growing economic activity production and consumption requires larger inputs of energy and material and generates larger quantities of waste by-products. Increased extraction of natural resources accumulation of waste and concentration of pollutants will therefore overwhelm the carrying capacity of the biosphere and result in the degradation of environmental quality and a decline in human welfare despite rising Furthermore it is argued that degradation of the resource base will eventually put economic activity itself at risk. To save the environment and even economic activity from itself economic growth must cease and the world must make a transition to a steady-state economy. At the other extreme are those who argue that the fastest road to environmental improvement is along the path of economic growth with higher incomes comes increased demand for goods and services that are less material intensive as well as demand for improved environmental quality that leads to the adoption of environmental protection measures. As Beckerman puts it The strong correlation between incomes and the extent to which environmental protection measures are adopted demonstrates that in the longer run the surest way to 55 N. Georgescu-Roegen The Entropy Law and the Economic Process Cambridge Harvard University Press 1971 . 56 . Meadows . Meadows J. Randers and W. Behrens The .

• Môi trường
• ferreted out
• difference between
• Brazilian rainforest
• Ferraris
• apart and reassemble
• rainforest
• species becomes
• constant flux
• project reroutes
• rainfores