TAILIEUCHUNG - How do China and Brazil deal with water pollution challenges? A comparative perspective of two emerging countries’ approach to water pollution problems

Similarly, looking at the database of human health, total outpatient (OPD) visits, and the percentage shared by the respiratory disease (ARI) for two years, it quite clearly reflects the increasing trend of respiratory disease. From 1996 till 1998, number of ARI patient is increasing at the rate of percent per year. Similarly, share of ARI patient out of total OPD visit has been increased from to percent within the same span of time. Similarly, the total annual mortality cases in the Kathmandu valley due to air pollution is estimated to be 84 and the number of respiratory. | How do China and Brazil deal with water pollution challenges A comparative perspective of two emerging countries approach to water pollution problems MSc China in Comparative Perspective London School of Economics 2009 - 2010 Candidate Number 24247 Word Count 9 866 0 Abstract With 70 percent of the earth s surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 60 percent of it it is undoubtedly evident that water is one of the most important elements responsible for life on earth. China s and Brazil s rapid economic growth industrialisation dense population and massive urbanisation in addition to the ineffective implementation of water management and pollution controls have resulted in widespread water pollution. This dissertation provides a comparative analysis of how China and Brazil deal with water pollution challenges. This dissertation first explores the role of industrialisation in polluting freshwater in China and Brazil and predicts its future growing control following the predictions of the environmental Kuznets curve. Second looking at the massive internal migration in China and Brazil this paper suggests that cities in China and Brazil are not capable to sustain the population size and accommodate the population growth which is threatening the water security in urban areas. Third the same causes that have boosted agricultural and rural development will be assessed in relation to their impact on environmental degradation and the possibility to implement the precautionary principle to avoid the emergence of new environmental accidents. Finally fragmented coordination and bureaucratic competition within Brazil s and China s institutional organisation will be evaluated as a major reason for the lack of environmental pollution supervision. Informal rules such as the Chinese guanxi and the Brazilian clientelism will serve to explain the factors affecting policy implementation and compliance. China and Brazil have a very promising economic future however .

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