TAILIEUCHUNG - Genetics and Life Insurance : A Comparative Analysis

In recent years, the Court invalidated two con- gressional statutes that attempted to regulate non- economic activities. In United States v. Lopez (1995), it struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which attempted to reach the activity of possessing a gun within a thousand feet of a school. In United States v. Morrison (2000), it invalidated part of the Violence Against Women Act, which regulated gen- der-motivated violence. Because the Court found the regulated activity in each case to be non- economic, it was outside the reach of Congress’s Commerce power, regardless of its effect on inter- state commerce. To uphold the insurance purchase mandate, the Supreme Court would have to concede. | Genetics and Life Insurance A Comparative Analysis Trudo Lemmens 1 Yann Joly 2 Bartha M. Knoppers 3 1 Assistant Professor Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2 Research Associate Université de Montréal Coordinator Canadian Task Force on Genetics and the Life Insurance 3 Canadian Research Chair in Law and Medicine Professor Université de Montréal Abstract The debate surrounding the role of life insurance the necessity of risk rating and the notion of acceptable discrimination has raised questions about the larger social role of insurance. Recent developments in the field of genetics allowing insurers to make use of genetic testing technology as a new underwriting tool have reinvigorated this debate. This article presents a comparative study of positions taken in countries on issues in genetics and life insurance. We will analyze the 43 selected countries and comment on their potential for ensuring a more equitable access for life insurance applicants. Introduction Life insurance is a private contract between the policyholder and the insurer. It is designed to provide financial protection to beneficiaries in the event of the death of the insured. To calculate the amount of the premium insurers use information such as age sex health status and lifestyle factors as well as some information on the applicant s familial health history. The insured will then be assigned to a group comprised of people with similar risk factors. By its very nature then the process of underwriting discriminates between individuals on the basis of individual and familial characteristics This discriminatory component of the insurance contract is at the center of the dilemma. Insurers currently have the possibility of using genetic information for insurance underwriting. While insurers invoke the mutuality principle underlying the private life insurance contract as well as the risks of antiselection ii to justify their access to genetic information patients groups and human rights activists .

• Bảo hiểm
• Bio Chemical Parameters
• DNA Integrity
• Protein Profile
• Phosphorylation State
• Seawater Fish Spermatozoa
• Current Issues
• Biochemical parameters
• Thermo tolerance
• Late sown conditions
• Grain yield and biochemical parameters
• Biochemical parameters of wheat
• Haematological and biochemical parameters
• Cattle declared healthy
• Municipal slaughterhous
• Biochemical analyzes
• Seed germination
• Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L )
• Estimation of biochemical parameters
• Different environments
• Different environments in upland cotton
• Atropine sulphate
• Medetomidine Ketofol Anaesthesia
• Clinico physiological
• Haemato biochemical parameters
• Haemato biochemical parameters in goats
• C sativum
• Days after germination
• Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L ) seedling
• Biochemical parameters of coriander
• Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
• Hematological and biochemical parameters
• Study of some hematological
• Sheep babesiosis in shikan locality
• Shikan locality
• Studies on Tikka disease
• Tikka disease
• Sowing dates
• Biochemical parameters of groundnut
• Sahiwal cows
• Blood metabolites
• Complete lactation in Sahiwal cows
• Ascorbic acid
• Commercial broilers
• Heat stress
• Heat stress in commercial broilers
• Ascorbic acid on biochemical parameters
• Crossbred calves
• Haematological parameters
• Hepato renal bio markers
• Dietary nano zinc oxide supplementation
• Serum biochemical parameters
• Cherry rootstocks
• Chlorophyll content
• In vitro rooting
• Biochemical responses
• Peanut bud necrosis disease
• Morphological and biochemical characters
• Field screening
• Peanut interspecific pre breeding lines resistance
• Aloe vera
• Blood biochemical
• Blood biochemical parameters
• Vanraja poultry birds
• Neem leaves powder
• Media combinations
• Vertical system
• Biochemical and quality parameters
• Pot culture media
• Quality parameters
• Strawberry in vertical system
• Line x Tester
• Combining ability
• Biochemical parameter
• Rice (Oryza sativa L
• Biochemical evaluation
• Quality parameters in rice
• Agricultural science
• Non caloric sweetening
• Body weight gain and biochemical’s parameters
• Overweight female rats
• Serum biochemical
• Fruit quality
• Timely sown conditions
• Chilli genotypes during early
• Fruit quality parameters of chilli genotypes
• Fruit quality parameters
• Ficus bengalensis
• Non protein nitrogenous substances
• Hematological indices
• Biochemical parameters in rats
• Aqueous extract
• Antioxidant activity of pepper
• Pepper fruit
• Bioactive compounds
• Boron concentration
• Plasma calcium
• Plasma phosphorus
• Total protein
• Layer chicken
• Kinnow mandarin
• Time of application
• Types and concentrations
• Concentrations of plant growth regulators
• Ocimum sanctum
• Organic fertilizing effect
• Panchagavya on growth
• Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L )
• Poultry farming
• Ducks etc
• Germinated maize based diets
• Nutritive value of maize
• Coefficient of variation
• Genetic advance
• Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L )
• Genetic parameters for physiological
• Biochemical traits in tomato
• CCL4 – Induced liver injury
• CCl4 induced liver injury
• Fenugreek seed
• Leaves on some hematological