TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2)

Table 47-1 Causes of Hypercalcemia Excessive PTH production Primary hyperparathyroidism (adenoma, hyperplasia, rarely carcinoma) Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (long-term stimulation of PTH secretion in renal insufficiency) Ectopic PTH secretion (very rare) Inactivating mutations in the CaSR (FHH) Alterations in CaSR function (lithium therapy) Hypercalcemia of malignancy Overproduction of PTHrP (many solid tumors) Lytic skeletal metastases (breast, myeloma) Excessive 1,25(OH)2D production Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, silicosis) Lymphomas Vitamin D intoxication Primary increase in bone resorption Hyperthyroidism Immobilization Excessive calcium intake Milk-alkali syndrome Total parenteral nutrition Other causes Endocrine disorders (adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma, VIPoma) Medications (thiazides, vitamin A, antiestrogens) . | Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia Part 2 Table 47-1 Causes of Hypercalcemia Excessive PTH production Primary hyperparathyroidism adenoma hyperplasia rarely carcinoma Tertiary hyperparathyroidism long-term stimulation of PTH secretion in renal insufficiency Ectopic PTH secretion very rare Inactivating mutations in the CaSR FHH Alterations in CaSR function lithium therapy Hypercalcemia of malignancy Overproduction of PTHrP many solid tumors Lytic skeletal metastases breast myeloma Excessive 1 25 OH 2D production Granulomatous diseases sarcoidosis tuberculosis silicosis Lymphomas Vitamin D intoxication Primary increase in bone resorption Hyperthyroidism Immobilization Excessive calcium intake Milk-alkali syndrome Total parenteral nutrition Other causes Endocrine disorders adrenal insufficiency pheochromocytoma VIPoma Medications thiazides vitamin A antiestrogens Note CaSR calcium sensor receptor FHH familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia PTH parathyroid hormone PTHrP PTH-related peptide. Clinical .

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