TAILIEUCHUNG - Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 10

X. EXCHANGE WITHIN SOCIETY 1. Autistic Exchange and Interpersonal Exchange always is essentially the exchange of one state of affairs for another state of affairs. If the action is performed by an individual without any reference to cooperation with other individuals, we may call it autistic exchange. | X. EXCHANGE WITHIN SOCIETY 1. Autistic Exchange and Interpersonal Exchange Action always is essentially the exchange of one state of affairs for another state of affairs. If the action is performed by an individual without any reference to cooperation with other individuals we may call it autistic exchange. An instance the isolated hunter who kills an animal for his own consumption he exchanges leisure and a cartridge for food. Within society cooperation substitutes interpersonal or social exchange for autistic exchanges. Man gives to other men in order to receive from them. Mutuality emerges. Man serves in order to be served. The exchange relation is the fundamental social relation. Interpersonal exchange of goods and services weaves the bond which unites men into society. The societal formula is do ut des. Where there is no intentional mutuality where an action is performed without any design of being benefitted by a concomitant action of other men there is no interpersonal exchange but autistic exchange. It does not matter whether the autistic action is beneficial or detrimental to other people or whether it does not concern them at all. A genius may perform his task for himself not for the crowd however he is an outstanding benefactor of mankind. The robber kills the victim for his own advantage the murdered man is by no means a partner in this crime he is merely its object what is done is done against him. Hostile aggression was a practice common to man s nonhuman forebears. Conscious and purposeful cooperation is the outcome of a long evolutionary process. Ethnology and history have provided us with interesting information concerning the beginning and the primitive patterns of interpersonal exchange. Some consider the custom of mutual giving and returning of presents and stipulating a certain return present in advance as a precursory pattern of interpersonal Others consider dumb barter as the primitive mode of trade. However to make presents in the

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