TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 61

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 61. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY avicenna is the Latinized name by which the Persian Ibn Sina is known in the West he was the most brilliant of the Islamic Aristotelians and a leading figure in the vigorous debate which accompanied the development of Islamic philosophy and theology in the fifth century after Muhammad. Thomas aquinas born and educated in southern Italy became the greatest teacher of the Dominican monastic order. In the mid-thirteenth century he developed Aristotle s legacy into an exhaustive rigorously argued philosophical and theological system. roger bacon was the first great Oxford philosopher he enlisted scientific method in philosophical and theological enquiry. duns scotus was called Doctor Subtilis for his subtle reconciliation of Aristotelian philosophy with the doctrines of the Franciscan monastic tradition. Meinong Alexius 581 who held that the eternity of the world was neither provable nor disprovable. His teacher Albert the Great held to the contrary that Aristotle s position on this matter was false and that the doctrine that the world had a beginning in time could be demonstrated. There is a common belief that the problem of univer-sals is the philosophical problem of the Middle Ages. It should be said that that belief in any case exaggerated does not address the fact that the problem of universals is not one problem but a large cluster of problems. And indeed problems about universals have always been centre-stage in the history of philosophy and universals are as much an issue now as they have ever been. Nevertheless the fact remains that a philosopher s position on whether certain entities were mind-independent in which case they had real existence the solution of realists or were mind-dependent in which case they had nominal existence the solution of nominalists entered into the interstices of many debates. One problem concerning universals was this granted that several individual things have a common nature as a result of which they are .

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