TAILIEUCHUNG - The Quantum Mechanics Solver 16

The Quantum Mechanics Solver 16 uniquely illustrates the application of quantum mechanical concepts to various fields of modern physics. It aims at encouraging the reader to apply quantum mechanics to research problems in fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics. Advanced undergraduates and graduate students will find a rich and challenging source of material for further exploration. This book consists of a series of problems concerning present-day experimental or theoretical questions on quantum mechanics | 150 15 Ideal Quantum Measurement . We switch on the interaction V during the time interval 0 t . Express the state t in terms of the phase states 6k of the oscillator D. . We assume the interaction time is t t0 2n g s 1 . Write the state to of the system. . What is the probability to find the value 6k in a measurement of the phase of the detector oscillator D . After this measurement has been performed what is the state of the oscillator 5 Describe qualitatively what will happen if one were to choose an interaction time t to . . Comment on the result. In your opinion why did J. von Neumann consider this as an ideal quantum-measurement process Solutions Section Preliminaries a Von Neumann Detector . Since the state of the system is ai i the probability to find the value aj in a measurement of A is p aj aj 2. . The state of the global system is Yij Dj The probability pj to find the detector in the state Dj is the sum of the probabilities Yj 2 pj Yij i since the states 0i are orthogonal. . After this measurement the state of the global system 5 D is after the principle of wave packet reduction F Vpj y .A 4 Dj i . For an ideal detector the probability that the detector is in the state Dj is pj aj 2 p aj and the state of the set system detector once we know the state of the detector is frj Dj . This is the expected result given the wave packet reduction principle. Solutions 151 Section Phase states of the harmonic oscillator . Given the definition of the phase states one has m 0n - N N s 1 N 0 N 0 _ 1 N ßm-ß s 1 N 0e 1 _ 1 2inN m-n s 1 _ r s 1 0e Ôm where the last equality stands because s m n s. . The scalar product of a state N with a phase state is em N N emw N m Vs 1 hence the expansion N t 0m N 0m . m 0 v i m 0 . Given the definition of a phase state the probability to find N quanta in a state 0TO is p N 0m KN pm 2 1 S 1 . One obtains . C ßm x 6m 2X0---- Cos V 0m . S 1

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