TAILIEUCHUNG - Java™ How to Program ( Deitel - Deitel) - Phần 7

Tham khảo sách 'java™ how to program ( deitel - deitel) - phần 7', công nghệ thông tin, kỹ thuật lập trình phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | PREV NEXT Page 125 continued . Control Structures Normally statements in a program are executed one after the other in the order in which they are written. This process is called sequential execution. Various Java statements which we will soon discuss enable the programmer to specify that the next statement to execute is not necessarily the next one in sequence. This is called transfer of control. During the 1960s it became clear that the indiscriminate use of transfers of control was the root of much difficulty experienced by software development groups. The blame was pointed at the goto statement used in most programming languages of the time which allows the programmer to specify a transfer of control to one of a very wide range of possible destinations in a program. The notion of so-called structured programming became almost synonymous with goto elimination. Note Java does not have a goto statement however the word goto is reserved by Java and should not be used as an identifier in programs. The research of Bohm and Jacopiniiil had demonstrated that programs could be written without any goto statements. The challenge of the era for programmers was to shift their styles to goto-less programming. Not until the 1970s did programmers start taking structured programming seriously. The results were impressive. Software development groups reported shorter development times more frequent on-time delivery of systems and more frequent within-budget completion of software projects. The key to these successes was that structured programs were clearer easier to debug and modify and more likely to be bug free in the first place. 1 Bohm C. and G. Jacopini Flow Diagrams Turing Machines and Languages with Only Two Formation Rules Communications of the ACM Vol. 9 No. 5 May 1966 pp. 336371. Page 126 Bohm and Jacopini s work demonstrated that all programs could be written in terms of only three control structuresthe sequence structure the selection structure and the repetition

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