TAILIEUCHUNG - Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 62)

Introduction: Since 1965, when the paraquat herbicide had started to be sold, its poisoning cases increased year by year. However, in 1986, mixture products of paraquat plus diquat with lower toxicity appeared; just after this year, the numer of cases of poisoning by paraquat (plus diquat) decreased suddenly, followed by the gradual decrease until now, but the paraquat (plus diquat) poisoning cases still count as much as about 40 % of the total number of pesticide poisoning [1]. It is necessary to separetely detect paraquat and diquat, when specimens obtained from a victim of poisoning by a paraquat-containing product are analyzed | Paraquat and diquat by Chiaki Fuke Introduction Since 1965 when the paraquat herbicide had started to be sold its poisoning cases increased year by year. However in 1986 mixture products of paraquat plus diquat with lower toxicity appeared just after this year the numer of cases of poisoning by paraquat plus diquat decreased suddenly followed by the gradual decrease until now but the paraquat plus diquat poisoning cases still count as much as about 40 of the total number of pesticide poisoning 1 . It is necessary to separetely detect paraquat and diquat when specimens obtained from a victim of poisoning by a paraquat-containing product are analyzed. For simultaneous analysis of paraquat and diquat the methods by HPLC 2-5 GC 6 double wavelength spectrophotometry 7 and second-derivative spectrophotometry 8 were reported. In this chapter the methods for analysis of paraquat and diquat by simple and rapid second-derivative spectrophotometry and by highly sensitive HPLC are described. Second-derivative spectrophotometry Regents and their preparation A amount of paraquat dichloridea Sigma St. Louis MO USA and other manufacturers is dissolved in 10 mL distilled water 1 mg mL as paraquat ion . A amount of diquat dibromidea Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. Osaka Japan is also dissolved in 10 mL distilled water 1 mg mL as diquat ion . Deproteinization reagent 10 g sulfosalicylic acid is dissolved in 100 mL distilled water. Chromogenic reagentsb for plasma use 87 mg of sodium hydrosulfite Na2S2O4 is dissolved in 10 mL of 5 M NaOH solution for urine use 435 mg sodium hydrosulfite dissolved in 10 mL of M NaOH solution. Analytica conditions Instruments a UV-260 spectrophotometer with a differential analyzing system Shimadzu Corp. Kyoto Japan cell quartz-made semimicro-cell Measurements a zero-order spectrum 360-500 nm wavelength space AX nm is first measured and then it is second-differentiated derivative wavelength space AX 4 nm . .

• Y học thường thức
• Drugs and Poisons in Humans
• Handbook of Practical Analysis
• tác hại của ma tuý
• chất độc hại cho con người
• phòng chống nghiện ma tuý
• Paraquat and diquat
• computer system for diagnosis
• causative drugs
• poisons developed
• Alternative specimens
• Pretreatments of human specimens
• Detection methods
• Practical use
• the poison net developed
• Problems in toxin analysis
• emergency medicine
• Analysis of chemical warfare agents
• related compounds
• Carbon monoxide
• Hydrogen sulfide
• metabolite
• Cyanide
• Methanol and formic acid
• Ethanol
• Chloroform and dichloromethane
• Toluene
• benzene
• xylene
• styrene
• Alkyl nitrites
• Components of gasoline
• Amphetamines
• metabolites
• Cannabinoids
• Morphine and its analogues
• Cocaine and its metabolites
• Pentazocine
• Lysergic acid diethylamide
• Methylenedioxyamphetamines