TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 4 P22

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 4 P22 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 199 Generators and transporters are subject to record-keeping reporting and labeling requirements with transporters also being subject to the strictures of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. Sites for underground storage tanks containing petroleum products pesticides and other hazardous products are governed by RCRA provisions that enable the detection correction and prevention of leaks. Disposal sites are regulated by a permit system in which the EPA is given broad powers to inspect a site issue compliance orders institute civil actions against violators and seek injunctive relief. Criminal penalties may also be imposed for violation of the permit system. In 1984 Congress amended the RCRA shifting the focus of hazardous waste management from safe land disposal to treatment alternatives. Under the 1984 amendments land disposal is now the last alternative and is permitted only when the waste is pretreated to meet standards issued by the EPA or when the EPA determines to a reasonable degree of certainty that there will be no migration of hazardous constituents from the disposal unit . for as long as the wastes remain hazardous. When land disposal is deemed permissible new landfills must use double liners and groundwater monitoring systems unless the EPA finds that an alternative design or operating practice would be equally effective in preventing the migration of hazardous waste. In addition to providing for EPA regulation and enforcement actions the RCRA authorizes private citizens to institute legal proceedings against violators of its provisions. Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act CERCLA also known as the Superfund was passed in 1980 to clean up hazardous waste disposal sites 42 . 9601 et seq. . The act consists of four elements. First CERCLA establishes a system for gathering information to enable federal and state .

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