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Indexing plays a fundamental role in supporting efficient retrieval of sequences of images, of individual images, and of selected subimages from multimedia repositories. Three categories of information are extracted and indexed in image databases: metadata, objects and features, and relations between objects [1]. This chapter is devoted to indexing structures for objects and features. | Image Databases Search and Retrieval of Digital Imagery Edited by Vittorio Castelli Lawrence D. Bergman Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-32116-8 Hardback 0-471-22463-4 Electronic 14 Multidimensional Indexing Structures for Content-Based Retrieval VITTORIO CASTELLI IBM . Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights New York INTRODUCTION Indexing plays a fundamental role in supporting efficient retrieval of sequences of images of individual images and of selected subimages from multimedia repositories. Three categories of information are extracted and indexed in image databases metadata objects and features and relations between objects 1 . This chapter is devoted to indexing structures for objects and features. Content-based retrieval CBR of imagery has become synonymous with retrieval based on low-level descriptors such as texture color and shape. Similar images map to high-dimensional feature vectors that are close to each other in terms of Euclidean distance. A large body of literature exists on the topic and different aspects have been extensively studied including the selection of appropriate metrics the inclusion of the user in the retrieval process and particularly indexing structures to support query-by-similarity. Indexing of metadata and relations between objects are not covered here because their scope far exceeds image databases. Metadata indexing is a complex application-dependent problem. Active research areas include automatic extraction of information from unstructured textual description definition of standards . for remotely sensed images and translation between different standards such as in medicine . The techniques required to store and retrieve spatial relations from images are analogous to those used in geographic information systems GIS and the topic has been extensively studied in this context. This chapter is organized as follows. The current section is concluded by a paragraph on notation. Section is devoted to .

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