TAILIEUCHUNG - Internetworking with TCP/IP- P54

Internetworking with TCP/IP- P54: TCP/IP has accommodated change well. The basic technology has survived nearly two decades of exponential growth and the associated increases in traffic. The protocols have worked over new high-speed network technologies, and the design has handled applications that could not be imagined in the original design. Of course, the entire protocol suite has not remained static. New protocols have been deployed, and new techniques have been developed to adapt existing protocols to new network technologies | Sec. Accommodating Heterogeneity 489 Client System format used NVT format used Server System format used Figure Use of the Network Virtual Terminal NVT format by TELNET. The definition of NVT format is fairly straightforward. All communication involves 8-bit bytes. At startup NVT uses the standard 7-bit USASCII representation for data and reserves bytes with the high order bit set for command sequences. The USASCII character set includes 95 characters that have printable graphics . letters digits and punctuation marks as well as 33 control codes. All printable characters are assigned the same meaning as in the standard USASCII character set. The NVT standard defines interpretations for control characters as shown in Figure . ASCII Control Code Decimal Value Assigned Meaning NUL 0 No operation has no effect on output BEL 7 Sound audibleArisible signal no motion BS 8 Move left one character position HT 9 Move right to the next horizontal tab stop LF 10 Move down vertically to the next line VT 11 Move down to the next vertical tab stop FF 12 Move to the top of the next page CR 13 Move to the left margin on the current line other control No operation has no effect on output Figure 253 The TELNET NVT interpretation of USASCII control characters. TELNET does not specify the locations of tab stops. In addition to the control character interpretation in Figure NVT defines the standard line termination to be a two-character sequence CR-LF. When a user presses the key that corresponds to end-of-line on the local terminal . ENTER or RETURN the TELNET client must map it into CR-LF for transmission. The TELNET server translates CR-LF into the appropriate end-of-line character sequence for the remote machine. tThe NVT interpretation of control characters follows the usual ASCH interpretation. 490 Applications Remote Login TELNET Rlogin Chap. 25 Passing Commands That Control The Remote Side We said that most systems provide a mechanism that allows .

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