TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Organic chemistry - Chapter 6: Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes

Chapter 6 - Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes. This chapter presents the following content: Haloalkanes, the C-X bond is polarized, physical properties of R-X, nucleophilic substitution: general, remember acid-base reaction, large number of reactions,. | Chapter 6: Nucleophilic Substitution of Haloalkanes Guanine base of DNA Leaving group Nucleus Nucleophile Toxic Names: Halo- is a substituent to alkane stem 1-Chlorobutane (1S,2R)-1-Bromo-2-fluorocyclohexane 2-Iodo-2-methylpentane C + - X Cl 4 3 2 1 F Br R S I CH3 Haloalkanes The C-X Bond is Polarized Cl CH3 + - Electrophilic Dipole Physical Properties of R-X X gets larger and less electronegative Bonds get longer and weaker along the series F→I Boiling points are higher than for R-H and increase along the series F→I and London forces (polarizability) Nucleophilic Substitution: General Color scheme: Nu, E, L, and curved arrows: e-flow C X Nu + C X Nu - + Nucleophile (Nu) Leaving group (L) Electrophile (E) - Remember Acid-Base Reaction B + H A B H + A - - Conjugate acid When H is attacked, we call the e-rich species a base B. When C (or other nuclei) are attacked, we call it a nucleophile Nu. - - B = Nu Conjugate base Note: no (simple) H º calculations possible on ionic reactions; .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides