TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Introduction to computing - Lecture 10

This lesson looks at the processors most commonly found in personal computers and describes some of their most important features and distinguishing characteristics. You w ill learn how these CPUs arc typically differentiated from one another and sec how their performance is measured. You also w ill learn some of the ways you can extend the power of your PC’s processor to other components by using its expansion capabilities. | CSC 101 Introduction to Computing Lecture 10 Dr. Iftikhar Azim Niaz ianiaz@ 1 1 Last Lecture Summary How Computer Stores Data Text Codes EBCDIC, ASCII, Extended ASCII and Unicode Binary Arithmetic Boolean Algebra Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control Unit and ALU Machine Cycle 2 2 Memory Consists of electronic components store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor data needed by those instructions, and results of processing the data (information). Stores both programs and data CPU cannot hold permanently Small chips on the motherboard or on a small circuit board attached with motherboard Allows CPU to store and retrieve data quickly More memory makes a computer faster 3 Memory Von Neumann Architecture Concept of stored program Memory stores three basic categories of items: operating system and other system application programs and data being processed and resulting information. 4 Memory Address Bit –smallest storage unit Byte (character)– smallest addressable unit Room vs House Each memory cell has an address An addresses is a unique number that identifies the location of a byte in memory. 5 Memory Size Byte is a basic storage unit in memory Memory and storage devices size is measured in KB, MB, GB or TB 6 What Memory Stores? Store Instructions waiting to be executed by the processor Data needed by those instructions, and Results of processing the data Stores three basic categories of items: 7 Types of Memory 8 Non Volatile Memory ROM Read Only Memory (ROM) Holds data when power is off Basic Input Output System (BIOS) Power On Self Test (POST) 9 9 Teaching tip If you are in a computer lab, spend a few minutes exploring your BIOS. Demonstrate what happens when values are adjusted. Walk through a POST check. Unplug a device and generate POST errors. Be sure to reset everything before moving on with the lecture! ROM Types 10 10 Types of ROM Written during manufacture Very expensive for small runs Programmable (once) PROM Needs special .

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