TAILIEUCHUNG - Van Mieu, Van Tu and Van Chi in the course of national history
In the course of Vietnam’s history, Van Mieu, Van Tu and Van Chi played an important role in the spiritual life and expressed our tradition “Venerated Teacher and Respecting Morals”. Van mieu was built in the capital of Thang Long under king Ly Thanh Tong (1070) so as to worship Confucius and his excellent students. Through many dynasties such as Tran, Early Le, Le Restoration, Tay Son and Nguyen, Van Mieu changed dramatically both in eligible students and in forms of examination. | Vietnam Social Sciences, No. 1(159) - 2014 VAN MIEU, VAN TU AND VAN CHI IN THE COURSE OF NATIONAL HISTORY NGUYEN THI PHUONG CHI * NGUYEN KY NAM ** Abstract: In the course of Vietnam’s history, Van Mieu, Van Tu and Van Chi played an important role in the spiritual life and expressed our tradition “Venerated Teacher and Respecting Morals”. Van mieu was built in the capital of Thang Long under king Ly Thanh Tong (1070) so as to worship Confucius and his excellent students. Through many dynasties such as Tran, Early Le, Le Restoration, Tay Son and Nguyen, Van Mieu changed dramatically both in eligible students and in forms of examination. During Early Le dynasty, Confucianism reached its peak and especially King Le Thanh Tong commanded to erect the doctorate stelae for whom passed the exam since 1442. Nowsaday, there are still 82 doctorate stelae in Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam Hanoi. Together with the system of Van Mieu in the central, provincial and district areas, Van Tu and Van Chi gradually formed and developed at the village in order to worship for Confucius and graduated people. Bac Giang and Bac Ninh are well-known as “old Kinh Bac area” which includes dense systems of Van Tu – Van Chi. Key words: Van Mieu, Van Tu, Van Chi. 1. Van Mieu (Temple of Literature) Van Mieu is a shrine to Confucius (551 – 479 BC) as a great ideologist, politician and creator of Confucianism in China. The Temple of Confucius has different names such as Confucius Temple, or Literature Temple. Most temples have a place to study that is called a Temple of Literature. Prior to the 15th century in China, Confucius Temple was not called the Temple of Literature. In the late stage of Tang Dynasty, Khong Tu was named to be Van Tuyen Temple or Literature Temple. During the Ming Dynasty, since Minh Vinh Lac period (1403 – 1424), it had been called Confucius or Literature Temple. 82 Since then, in all documents in Vietnam, it is called Van Mieu (or Temple of Literature). Van Mieu is built to be a
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