TAILIEUCHUNG - Cracking the toefl ibt 2008 part 14

According to the director of the Avida project, the processes undergone by the digital creatures are Ehe same as those experienced by biological organisms. The only difference is that biological entities are based on strings of DNA, whereas the digital creations from Avida are based on strings of ones and zeros. | POE Strategies for Definition Questions As stated previously your success on definition questions will be largely based on your comfort level with the sentences. If you re having a hard time figuring out the meaning of a sentence keep the following in mind 1. Definitions frequently are introduced using the words which that or means. Look for sentences in which the author uses these words. 2. Trim away prepositional pirrases. These are phrases beginning with words such as qf on and in A definition will not be a prepositional pirrase. 3. Watch out for sentences that merely list or introduce examples. Remember you need a phrase that tells you what a word or concept means not an example of the word or concept. Question Type 7 Before After Questions It s time to look at yet another type of question. 9. The paragraph following the passage would most logically continue with a discussion of A different strategies used by predators to capture arthropods B non-arthropods that have protective shells C the defense mechanisms of other types of animals D adaptations arthropods make to survive during molting Some questions ask about a hypothetical paragraph before or afee the passage thus we call these before after questions note that before questions are vary rare on the TOEFL . As always rephrase the question first What would a paragraph after the passage discuss To answer this type of question we need to concern ourselves with only the last paragraph. Here it is again. Adaptive as their shell is it leaves arthropods with at least one distinct disadvantage the cuticle cannot expand to accommodate growth. As the animal increases in size therefore it must occasionally nitift. The existing cuticle separates from newer more flexible layers being secreted beneath it gradually splits open and can be shaken or slipped off. The new chitin and protein will harden and be provided with a fresh lipid coating but this process can take hours or days after molting occurs. The arthropod must .

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