TAILIEUCHUNG - Connectives in advanced Swedish EFL learners’ written English – preliminary results

Learning how to compose an effective extended text, therefore, should be conceived as a task similar to acquiring expertise in related culturally acquired domains. It is not merely an extension of our apparent biological predisposition to acquire spoken language. Rather, it is more similar to learning how to type - which is in fact one aspect of composition, as a common means of motor output. Or, it is similar to learning how to play chess - which is another planning intensive task similar to composition in its demands on thinking and memory. Or, it is similar to learning. | Connectives in advanced Swedish EFL learners written English - preliminary results Marie Tapper Lund University Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate how advanced Swedish EFL learners use connectives in argumentative essays in comparison to how American University students use them in their writing. The data were taken from the International Corpus of Learner English ICLE the Swedish sub-corpus and the control corpus of American university student essays. The aim is to examine the use of three types of connectives 1 adverbial conjuncts . therefore in particular 2 certain style and content disjuncts . actually indeed and 3 some lexical discourse markers . result compare . The function of these connectives was classified according to a model combining features from Quirk et al. s 1985 and . Martin s 1992 systems of classification. In this paper the model of classification and the quantitative analysis of the data are presented together with the results from a holistic grading of a smaller sample of the data. 1 Introduction Connectives function as cohesive signposts in discourse that help guide the reader or listener through the message by signalling how successive units are related Leech Svartvik 1994 177 . Some examples of connectives are but indicates contrast because reason and therefore result . Such expressions have been described as markers of logical or semantic relations between units of discourse by Halliday Hasan 1976 . Results from studies that have attempted to show that connectives actually contribute to a better understanding of discourse are however contradictory see for instance Flowerdew Tauroza 1995 Mauranen 1993 163-165 Hartnett 1986 151 Mosenthal Tierney 1984 . Yet some results indicate that connectives may be very important in terms of how a text is perceived. Mauranen 1993 167 found that a sample of academic writing with connectives present was perceived to be more logical convincing and authoritative than the same .

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