TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Organic chemistry: Chapter 21 (part 1) - L. G. Wade, Jr.

Chapter 21 (part 1) - Structure and properties of carboxylic acid derivatives. This chapter draw and name carboxylic acid derivatives, and use spectral information to determine their structures; describe the trends in physical properties of acid derivatives, and compare the relative reactivity of esters, thioesters, amides, nitriles, anhydrides, and acid chlorides; propose single-step and multistep syntheses of acid derivatives from compounds containing other functional groups. | Chapter 21 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Part 1: Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 21 Acid Derivatives All the derivatives can be converted to the carboxylic acid by acidic or basic hydrolysis. Esters and amides are commonly found in nature. Chapter 21 Esters from Carboxylic Acids Esters can be made from the carboxylic acid through the Fischer esterification. Excess alcohol is used to drive the equilibrium toward the ester. Chapter 21 Nomenclature of Esters Esters are named as alkyl carboxylates. The first word is derived from the alkyl group of the alcohol, and the second word from the carboxylate group of the carboxylic acid. Chapter 21 Cyclic Esters Reaction of —OH and —COOH on same molecule produces a cyclic ester called lactone. To name, add the word lactone to the IUPAC acid name or replace the -ic acid of common name with -olactone. Chapter 21 Amide .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Electronic Structure
• Carboxylic acid derivatives
• Carboxylic acid
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
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• nucleophilic addition
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• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
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• The methane series
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