TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology: Chapter 15 - Niel Campbell, Jane Reece

Chapter 15 - The chromosomal basis of inheritance. This chapter explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance and its discovery, explain why sex-linked diseases are more common in human males than females, distinguish between sex-linked genes and linked genes, explain how meiosis accounts for recombinant phenotypes, explain how linkage maps are constructed,. | Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Overview: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes Mendel’s “hereditary factors” were genes, though this wasn’t known at the time. The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Concept : Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes The chromosome theory of inheritance states: Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment. The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis was said to account for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Mendel’s Laws P Generation Yellow-round seeds (YYRR) Y F1 Generation Y R R R Y r r r y y y Meiosis Fertilization Gametes Green-wrinkled seeds ( yyrr) All F1 plants produce yellow-round seeds (YyRr) R R Y Y r r y y Meiosis R R Y Y r r y y Metaphase I Y Y R R r r y y Anaphase I r r y Y Metaphase II R Y R y y y y R R Y Y r r r r y Y Y R R yR Yr yr YR 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 F2 Generation Gametes An F1 F1 cross-fertilization 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation. LAW OF SEGREGATION The two alleles for each gene separate during gamete formation. 1 2 3 3 2 1 Figure The chromosomal basis of Mendel’s laws Morgan’s Experimental Evidence & Choice of Experimental Organism Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies provided convincing evidence that chromosomes are the location of Mendel’s heritable factors. Several characteristics make fruit flies a convenient organism for genetic studies: They breed at a high rate A generation can be bred every two weeks They have only four pairs of chromosomes. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson .

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