TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "HELPFUL ANSWERS TO MODAL AND tlYPOTHETICAL QUESTIONS"

This paper describes a computational pragmatic model which is geared towards providing helpful answers to modal and hypothetical questions. The work brings together elements from f o n n a l . semantic theories on modality m~d question answering, defines a wkler, pragmatically flavoured, notion of answerhood based on non-monotonic inference aod develops a notion of context, within which aspects of more cognitively oriented theories, such as Relevance Theory, can be accommodated. | HELPFUL ANSWERS TO MODAL AND HYPOTHETICAL QUESTIONS Anne De Roeck Richard Ball Keith Brown Chris Fox Marjolein Groefscma Nadiin Obeid Ray Tiirner University of Essex England email deroe@ janet ABSTRACT This paper describes a computational pragmatic model which is geared towards providing helpful answers to modal and hypothetical questions. The work brings together elements from fonnal . semantic theories on modality and question answering delines a wider pragmatically flavoured notion of answerhood based on non-monotonic inference and develops a notion of context within which aspects of more cognitively oriented theories such as Relevance Theory can be accommodated. The model has been implemented. The research was funded by ESRC grant number R000231279. Keywords Semantics Pragmatics INTRODUCTION. Answers people give to questions have two basic properties they may vary depending on the situation a question is asked in and especially if the answer is negative they aim to be helpful . The context-sensistivity of answering seems obvious and in no need of further demonstration. What precisely constitutes helpfulness is harder to pin down. Modal and hypothetical questions offer an interesting area for investigating helpfulness . Suppose A and B are going to a party and are discussing how they might travel. Suppose A asks B Can you drive B is correct but perverse to respond Yes if he knows how to drive has a valid licence but has no car or if he has a car but he has lent it to someone. A more helpful answer might be No because I haven t eot a car. Note here that there is a range of correct answers some of which are Yes for instance Yes I know how to drive. Yes 1 have a licence. even Yes I have a car and some of which are No. as Ú1 No I haven t got a car tonight. Tire range includes No but I can ask to borrow my wife s car or even Yes if I can get mv car back which establishes a link with hypothetical questions. Note also that for each of these correct .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• HELPFUL ANSWERS TO MODAL
• tlYPOTHETICAL QUESTIONS
• Amre De Roeck
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln