TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Performatives in a Rationally Based Speech Act Theory*"

A crucially important adequacy test of any theory of speech acts is its ability to handle performatives. This paper provides a theory of performatives as a test case for our rationally based theory of illocutionary acts. We show why "I request y o u . . . " is a request, and "I lie to you that p" is self-defeating. The analysis supports and extends earlier work of theorists such as Bach and Harnish [1] and takes issue with recent claims by Searle [10] that such performative-as-declarative analyses are doomed to failure. . | Performatives in a Rationally Based Speech Act Theory Philip R. Cohen Artificial Intelligence Center and Center for the Study of Language and Information SRI International 333 Ravenswood Ave. Menlo Park CA 94025 and Hector J. Levesque Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Abstract A crucially important adequacy test of any theory of speech acts is its ability to handle performatives. This paper provides a theory of performatives as a test case for our rationally based theory of illocutionary acts. We show why I request a request and I lie to you that p is self-defeating. The analysis supports and extends earlier work of theorists such as Bach and Harnish 1 and takes issue with recent claims by Searle 10 that such performative-as-declarative analyses are doomed to failure. This paper was made possible by a contract from ATR International to SRI International by a gift from the Systems Development Foundation and by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representative of the official policies either expressed or implied of ATR International the Systems Development Foundation or the Canadian government. t Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. 1 Introduction There is something special about performative sentences sentences such as I promise to return uttering them makes them true. How and when is this possible Not all verbs can be uttered in the first-person present tense and thereby make the sentence true. In general the successful verbs seem to correspond to those naming illocutionary acts but not to perlocutionary ones such as frighten. But even some illocutionary verbs cannot be used performatively . I lie to you that I didn t steal your watch is self-defeating 12 . So which verbs can be use performatively and in Searle s words 10 how do performatives work Any theory of .

• Performatives in a Rationally
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